![]() ![]() A statistically significant relationship between DW and CLP was established. Craftsmen efficiency data were extracted from published work that measured direct work (DW) through work sampling, and CLP data were extracted from national databases. Statistical analysis was used to compare craftsmen efficiency and CLP data from North America (NA) in the period 1972–2010. This research aims to show how important craftsmen efficiency is for national construction labor productivity (CLP) development. To change this, the construction industry needs to know where to focus. Labor productivity in construction has fallen behind other industries in most of the world and has declined continuously for decades in the United States. These outcomes contribute to expand the uses of VDT methodology, proposing a method to include Lean principles in the organization design, and allowing companies to model Lean Project Management concepts at the planning and design phase, achieving improvements in terms of cost, schedule and variability. ![]() In general, the models predicted positive impact in terms of cost, time, variability and waste reduction in organizations inspired by Lean principles and concepts. The results proved that VDT models can be used to evaluate the impact of the Lean concepts in projects performance, representing these notions in the organizational design and showing the benefits of implementing them. Then, the four models were used to evaluate the impact on project performance using alternative organizational designs, each of them inspired in Lean production concepts and principles. The models were validated comparing their predictions with actual results obtained in the projects, and the assessment and approval of technical experts of the companies in the study. The research calibrated four virtual models of construction project organizations developed using the Virtual Design Team (VDT) method and SimVision® VDT computational tool. This article delves the use of organization modeling to assess the impact of Lean construction concepts on project performance. The results of lean principles implementation also reveal that lean principles can enhance the performance of the bricklaying process through more than 40% productivity improvement. Preliminary results show improvement opportunities exist in the bricklaying process due to a high share of non value-adding work. Data required for constructing the simulation model were gathered from the construction site through work and time study techniques. A case study of the bricklaying process was conducted to quantify and evaluate the results of applying lean principles. Simulation makes it possible to evaluate the effects of implementing lean principles into construction processes prior to real world application. The research described in this paper applies lean principles to a construction operation using computer simulation. With the introduction of the lean construction concept, researchers have begun to apply lean principles to construction processes. The construction industry includes a large number of specialized areas and disciplines, most of which are based on cyclical processes during the construction phase. The focus of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology in enhancing the productivities of sewer maintenance crews by developing and establishing standards using current Work Study Analysis theory and notably, the application of lean production principles to current sewer maintenance methods using simulation. As a result of the pilot crew, an increase in efficiency of crews has been realized and quantified, and the City managers are able to develop new productivity standards as well as baseline and target performance levels for maintenance drainage activities. The study focused on six crews: I) Low Pressure Flushing (pilot), 2) High Pressure Flushing, 3) Service Line Rodding and Televising, 4) Commercial Establishment Investigation, 5) Catch Basin Cleaning, and 6) Mainline Televising. The application of the industrial engineering philosophy of work measurement, lean production theory, and simulation analysis was used to capture current work methods, generate and test alternative methods, and develop new standards. The activities performed by the branch consume a large amount of funding and, therefore, are sensitive to any improvement in maintenance crews' productivity. ![]() The network covers an area of over 700 km2 to serve the city's growing population of well over 600, 000. The City of Edmonton's Drainage Operations Branch oversees the inspection, maintenance, and repair of the city's drainage network. ![]()
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